Linux ps command is the short form of “Process Status”.  ps command is a command line utility that is used to list the currently running processes and their PIDs. It generates the information from the virtual files in /proc file-system.

The ps the command provides a way to view information about the currently running processes, including their process ID (PID), memory usage, CPU usage, parent process ID (PPID), and other details. For example, the ps aux command can be used to display a detailed list of all running processes, while the ps -ef command can be used to display a more concise list of processes with less detailed information.

ps command option includes:

• a: Show all processes on the system, including those owned by other users.
• u: Display user-oriented format with more details.
• x: Display processes not associated with a terminal.

1. ps command to display the current process.

ps

2. ps command to display all processes running on the system.

ps -ef

3. ps command to display all processes that match the specified process name.

ps -ef | grep <process-name>

4. Displays all processes that match the specified process name, excluding the grep process itself.

ps -ef | grep <process-name> | grep -v grep

5. Displays all threads for all processes on the system.

ps -eLf

6. Displays the process information for the specified process ID (PID).

ps -p <PID>

7. Displays all processes running on the specified terminal (tty).

ps -t <tty>

8. Displays all processes owned by the specified user.

ps -u <username>

9. Displays all processes running on the system, including system processes.

ps -aux

10. Displays the PID and command name of all running processes.

ps -Ao pid,cmd

11. Displays the PID, command name, CPU usage, and memory usage of all running processes, sorted by CPU usage in descending order.

ps -eo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem --sort=-%cpu

12. Displays the PID, command name, CPU usage, and memory usage of all running processes, sorted by memory usage in descending order.

ps -eo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem --sort=-%mem

13. Displays the PID, command name, CPU usage, and memory usage of all running processes, sorted by command name in ascending order.

ps -eo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem --sort=+cmd

14. Displays the PID, command name, CPU usage, and memory usage of all running processes, sorted by PID in ascending order.

ps -eo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem --sort=+pid

15. Displays the PID, command name, CPU usage, and memory usage of all running processes, sorted by command name in ascending order, excluding the header line.

ps -o pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem --sort=+cmd | tail -n +2

16. Displays a tree-like view of all processes, showing their parent-child relationships.

ps -e –forest

17. Displays the user name, elapsed time, PID, and command name of all running processes.

ps -o user,etime,pid,cmd

18. Displays the user name, parent PID, PID, CPU usage, memory usage, and command name of all running processes.

ps -o user,ppid,pid,%cpu,%mem,cmd

19. Displays the PID, command name, CPU usage, and memory usage of all processes with the specified parent process ID.

ps -o pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem --ppid <parent-pid>

20. Displays the PID, command name, CPU usage, and memory usage of the specified child process ID.

ps -o pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem --pid <child-pid>

21. Displays all processes with the specified command name.

ps -C <command-name>

22. Displays the PID, command name, CPU usage, and memory usage of all processes with the specified command name.

ps -C <command-name> -o pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem:

23. Displays the PID, command name, memory usage, and CPU usage of the top memory-consuming processes.

ps -e --format pid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%mem | head

24. Displays the PID, command name, CPU usage, and memory usage of the top CPU-consuming processes.

ps -e --format pid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%cpu | head

ps -e --format pid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%cpu | head -n 10

The post 20+ Useful Examples Of Linux PS Command first appeared on AtoZ Linux.

Linux has file systems like  EXT2, EXT3, and EXT4. The EXT4 is considered an upgraded file system and it stands for the fourth extended filesystem.

How To Format EXT4 In Linux In 2024

In this tutorial, we will show you the easy way to format EXT4 in Linux based operating system. First, you should know the partitions of your Hard Drive to avoid any future issues. Run the following command to see the partitions in Linux.

lsblk -l

lsblk command prints the information about the available filesystems. Now run the following command to format EXT4. In our case, it’s sda4 (Location of EXT4).

mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda4

Now, Run the following command to verify the system changes:

lsblk -f

Important Note:

However, if EXT4 is the current working file system, it is impossible to format it because it may cause errors. If you try to format it then you might be in a serious issue.

The post How To Format EXT4 In Linux In 2024 first appeared on AtoZ Linux.

If you are a Debian user and trying to execute the ifconfig command in your terminal then sometimes you might go through the issue like below:

-bash: ifconfig: command not found

One of the reasons for the error “ifconfig command not found on Debian” is that ifconfig is deprecated for the new IP command. Yes, you heard it right as there is no such command like ifconfig for Debian-based operating system.

How To Install ifconfig On Debian : ifconfig Command Not Found On Debian

You can’t install ifconfig alone as it is now integrated with the net-tools package. So you need to install net-tools package to get the ifconfig command on Debian based operating system.

Run the following command to install ifconfig command on Debian.

sudo apt install net-tools

Summary: This is our comprehensive tutorial to install ifconfig on Debian which has been deprecated. You should use the IP command.

IP command is a replacement for the old ‘ifconfig’ command. It is easy to use IP command in debian. We have listed out some of the basic IP commands that you might need.

Command to list of various options and objects of IP command.

ip--help

Command to list all the available interfaces on your Debian :

 ip link show

If you want to bring any interface down then run the following command:

  ip link set ‘iface’ down 

Similarly, run the following command to bring up any interface in your Debian.

 ip link set 'iface' up  

Run the following command to troubleshoot errors while establishing network connectivity:

 ip-s link 

Run the following command to display the IPv4 route table entries:

ip route

Run the following command to a temporary IP address to a given interface:

 sudo ip addr  add   ip_address to be assigned  dev  interfacename

The post How To Install ifconfig On Debian : ifconfig Command Not Found On Debian first appeared on AtoZ Linux.

50+ Essentials Linux Commands For System Administrators

1. gzip – file compression and decompression command
2. b2zip – file compression and decompression command similar to gzip.
3. locate – Command to search files in Linux.
4. ps – information about the currently running processes in Linux.
5. cron – set up scheduled tasks to run.
6. nmcli – network management command.
7. traceroute – You can use this command to check the route packets take to a specified host.
8. mtr – network diagnostic tool.
9. nslookup – query Internet name servers (NS) interactively.
10. host – Command for DNS lookups in Linux.
11. dig – DNS lookup utility tool.
12. uptime – shows system uptime and load average in Linux.
13. rsync –Rsync is a file copying tool. It is used for remote file transfers and syncing. Rsync finds files that need to be transferred using a lqquick checkrq algorithm  that looks for files that have changed in size or in the last-modified time. It reduces the time of transfer.
14. top –  Command that shows an overall system view.
15. vmstat – Command that shows system memory, processes, interrupts paging, block I/O, and CPU info.
16. htop – Command to see the interactive process and manager.
17. dstat – You can run this command to view processes, memory, paging, I/O, CPU, etc., in real-time.
18. iftop – network traffic viewer
19. iotop – interactive I/O viewer. Get an overview of storage r/w activity.
20. iostat – for storage I/O statistics.
21. netstat – for network statistics.
22. ss – utility to investigate sockets.
23. atop – For Linux server performance analysis.
24. Glances and nmon – htop and top Alternatives:
25. ssh – secure command-line access to remote Linux systems.
26. sudo – execute commands with administrative privilege.
27. cd – directory navigation.
28. userdel – used to delete a user account and all related files.
29. usermod – used to modify or change any attributes of an existing user account.
30. pwd – shows your current directory location.
31. cp – copying files and folders
32. nethogs – network traffic analyzer.
33. .mv – moving files and folders.
34. rm – removing files and folders.
35. mkdir – create or make new directories.
36. touch – used to update the access date and modification date of a computer file or directory.
37. ip – from Iproute2, a collection of utilities for controlling TCP/IP networking and traffic control in Linux.
38. ls – list directory contents.
39. free – display memory usage.
40. scp – securely Copy Files Using SCP, with examples.
41. find – locates files based on some user-specified criteria.
42. ncdu – a disk utility for Unix systems.
43. pstree – display a tree of processes.
44. last – show a listing of last logged-in users.
45. w – show a list of currently logged-in user sessions.
46. grep – Search a file for a pattern of characters, then display all matching lines.
47. man – for reading system reference manuals.
48. apropos – Search man page names and descriptions.
49. wget – retrieve files over HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, and FTPS.
50. curl – transferring data using various network protocols
51. dd – convert and copy files.
52. fdisk – manipulate the disk partition table.
53. parted – for creating and manipulating partition tables.
54. blkid – command-line utility to locate/print block device attributes.
55. mkfs – build a Linux file system.
56. df – display disk space usage.
57. du – estimate file space usage.
58. fsck –  tool for checking the consistency of a file system.
59. whois – client for the whois directory service.
60. nc – command-line networking utility.
61. umask – set file mode creation mask.
62. chmod – change the access permissions of file system objects.
63. chown – change file owner and group.
64. chroot – run command or interactive shell with a special root directory.
65. useradd – create a new user or update default new user information.

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