Still using OneDrive but already switches to Linux from Windows then you don’t need to worry. This article is for those people who wants to use OneDrive in Linux without any issues. We will show you the best way to use onedrive in Linux based operating systems.

Top OneDrive Clients For Linux

We will take help of different tools or clients to use OneDrive on Linux based operating systems. Here are the some of the best OneDrive clients for Linux based operating systems.

1. rclone

rclone is a command-line software that let users to sync files. With the use of rclone, you can easily sync files on your local computer from around 70+  cloud storage services.  You can easily sync  OneDrive, Google Drive, Amazon S3, Zoho WorkDrive, iCloud etc. Rclone is widely used on Linux, Windows and Mac. Rclone mounts any local, cloud or virtual filesystem as a disk on Windows, macOS, linux and FreeBSD.

Some of the features are:

• MD5/SHA-1 hashes checked at all times for file integrity
• Timestamps preserved on files
• Copy mode to just copy new/changed files
• Sync (one way) mode to make a directory identical and bisync (two way) to keep two directories in sync bidirectionally
• Can sync to and from network, e.g. two different cloud accounts
• Multi-threaded downloads to local disk
• Can serve local or remote files over HTTP/WebDAV/FTP/SFTP/DLNA

Run the following command to install rclone on Linux/macOS/BSD systems, run:

sudo -v ; curl https://rclone.org/install.sh | sudo bash

2. onedrive

Microsoft OneDrive doesn’t have a native client for OneDrive for Linux desktops.  OneDriver is a free and open-source tool to mount Microsoft OneDrive on Linux-based operating systems. OneDrive client for Linux works with OneDrive Personal, OneDrive for Business, OneDrive for Office365, and SharePoint Libraries.

How to install OneDriver on Linux

Run the following commands to install onedriver on Ubuntu.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jstaf/onedriver
sudo apt update
sudo apt install onedriver

If you are using Fedora then run the following commands:

sudo dnf copr enable jstaf/onedriver
sudo dnf install onedriver

Once you are done with the installation. You can easily sync your files from OneDrive. You can easily access OneDrive from the menu in your Linux desktop environmentand start using it

3. onedriver

onedriver is a native Linux filesystem for Microsoft OneDrive. It does not support any other online storage service. It has a command-line and an easy-to-use graphical interface. This OneDrive Client for Linux is simple to use and runs on all major Linux distributions such as Debian, Ubuntu, Mint, Manjaro, SuSE, OpenSuSE, Fedora, CentOS, Red Hat, Arch and Slackware. This OneDrive Client for Linux also supports one-way (upload or download only) and two-way sync operations with a variety of additional capabilities to suit your requirements and connects securely to Microsoft OneDrive services. This OneDrive Client for Linux is also available as a Docker container utilising Alpine Linux, Debian Bullseye and Fedora, with pre-built images available for x86_64, ARMHF and ARM64. Key features of onedriver includes on-demand file download, bidirectional sync. You can also use the downloaded files in offline mode.

This post will help you to remove any unused or old Linux kernel from your Ubuntu Linux operating system. It is also good move to remove old or unused Kernels from Linux as it occupies more space in /boot partition on Ubuntu.

How To Remove Kernel In Ubuntu | Delete Old Or Unused Kernal

DISCLAIMER: The following process of Kernels deletion from your systems might affect your Linux. Please be careful before your remove old or unused kernel.

Some of the things that you should do before removing your old or unused kernels are:

• Backup your files or any important documents.
• Note down the version of your Linux Kernel.

Linux kernels and their associated files are stored under the /boot directory and the Kernel modules are stored in /lib/modules directory of your system. The Linux kernel files names starting with “vmlinuz-” or “vmlinuz.” and end with the version number.

Run the following  commands to check all installed Linux Kernels in Debian, Ubuntu and its derivatives:

dpkg --list | grep linux-image

You will see the output with the list of installed Linux kernel in your Linux operating systems.

rc  linux-image-5.15.0-25-generic              5.15.0-25.25                            amd64        Signed kernel image generic
ii  linux-image-5.15.0-41-generic              5.15.0-41.44                            amd64        Signed kernel image generic

In above output, “rc” stands for “removed, but the configuration files are still present and  “ii” stands for “installed, and successfully installed.

Run the following command to remove old and unused Kernels automatically. sudo apt-get autoremove --purge command scans Linux system for packages that were installed as dependencies but are no longer needed. It also removes those packages and their associated configuration files. It helps to free up disk space and cleaning up the system by removing unnecessary packages.

sudo apt-get autoremove --purge

How to Purge Old Unused Kernels in Debian-based Systems

Run the following command to remove old unused Linux Kernels and keep only the currently running Linux Kernel.

$ echo $(dpkg --list | grep linux-image | awk '{ print $2 }' | sort -V | sed -n '/'`uname -r`'/q;p') $(dpkg --list | grep linux-headers | awk '{ print $2 }' | sort -V | sed -n '/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\([0-9.-]*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/q;p') | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge

Or,

Run the following command to remove old or unused Linux Kernel and keep only the currently running Linux Kernel.

$ sudo apt-get purge $(for tag in "linux-image" "linux-headers"; do dpkg-query -W -f'${Package}\n' "$tag-[0-9]*.[0-9]*.[0-9]*" | sort -V | awk 'index($0,c){exit} //' c=$(uname -r | cut -d- -f1,2); done)

How to Delete Old Unused Kernels in RHEL, Fedora, CentOS, Rocky Linux and AlmaLinux

Run the following  commands step by step to remove old unused Kernels in RHEL, Fedora, CentOS, Rocky Linux and AlmaLinux

1. Update your system:

sudo dnf update

2. Check the current kernel version:

This command will display the kernel name and version.

uname -sr

3. List all installed kernels:

sudo rpm -q kernel

4. Remove old kernels:

The following dnf command will keep the latest two kernels  and remove all the others:

sudo dnf remove --oldinstallonly --setopt installonly_limit=2 kernel

This is the exclusive list of Laptops CPU Ranking in 2025. Without any further delay, let’s have a look into the list of latest laptops CPU ranking 2025.

Laptops CPU Ranking 2025 | Best CPUs for Laptops

Everywants to buy laptops but they always have tons of question before buying it. Some one might have budget limitations or someone might have specs limitations. Different users have different requirements of Laptops.

Geekbench 5 Benchmarks | Laptop Rankings

Geekbench test can be used to estimate the real-world performance of day-to-day applications such as Ms word, Firefox. Cinebench is a PC and laptop testing tool that evaluates a CPU’s performance through a series of rigorous tests that include rendering a challenging 3D scene. After the test is finished, single and multi-core scores are provided, which can be used to evaluate the processor’s power, particularly for activities like 3D animation and video editing. Cinebench 2024 is the most recent version of Cinebench (R24).

Best laptop processors ranking list 2025

Best Intel processors ranking list 2025

Best Apple processors ranking list 2025

Best AMD processor ranking list 2025

How To Install Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Along With Windows 11

As we will be using Ubuntu 24.04 LTS in this tutorial, you need to download Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ISO from the official website of Ubuntu. You can get it from the link below.

Download Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ISO

Create a Live USB With  Ubuntu 24.04 LTS

You need to create a bootable USB drive with Ubuntu.

Prepare the Windows Operating System For Dual-Boot

You need to allocated the enough space so that you can install Ubuntu 24.04 LTS in it. It will be good enough if you can delete one of your available partitions and create enough available space for Ubuntu. If you can manage 100 GB of unallocated space for the Ubuntu 24.04 LTS installation then you can have the smooth installation of the Ubuntu 24.04 LTS along with Windows.

• Note: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS requires 25GB of disk space for the installation.

How to Boot from USB Drive

Boot your system from the Ubuntu 24.04 LTS bootable pen-drive.  If you are booting in the UEFI system then select Ubuntu 24.04 LTS  from the GRUB menu and then press Enter otherwise  you  need to access your BIOS setting to change the boot sequence on BIOS/UEFI to boot a system from DVD/USB.

• Follow the onscreen information as  you will see a welcome screen where you will get the option of installing Ubuntu or trying it.
• Click on the Install Ubuntu button
• In next windows select the keyboard setting. Choose the Keyboard and then click Continue to proceed further.
• In next screen, choose the type of installation. You can go either with Minimal Installation or Normal installation. You can have also the option of installing system updates and third-party software during OS installation.

Disk Partitioning

If you are in UEFI System you will see the following  options:

• Install Ubuntu alongside Windows Boot Manager
• Erase disk and install Ubuntu
• Something else

If you are in the Legacy system, then you will see something like this:

• Install Ubuntu Alongside Windows 11
• Erase disk and install Ubuntu
• Something else

In either case, You need to go with the something else option so that  you can create partitions manually with the size you want. We will create the following partition in the unallocated space or partition that you have allocated for the Ubuntu 24.04 LTS.

• /boot – 10GB (Optional for legacy bios system )
• /home – 30GB
• swap – 8GB
• / – Remaining space in your unallocated partition.

When finished, hit the Install Now button in order to apply changes to the disk and start the installation process of Ubuntu 24.04 LTS  alongside Windows 11.

On the next screen select your physical location from the map and then click Continue to move ahead.

It might take up to 30 minutes to complete. Once Ubuntu 22.04 LTS installation is complete.

• Click Restart Now to reboot the machine.
• After rebooting your system, Select Ubuntu from  the Grub menu. In Grub Menu,  you will see both Ubuntu 24.04 LTS and Microsoft Windows 11. Sometime you might have issues with GRUB menu. If you are unable to find the option in GRUB menu then you need to repair it so that you can see the Distro option.

Summary:
In this post you can find the step by step guide to install Ubuntu 24.04 LTS along side Windows 11 and setup the dual boot.

Live streaming is one of the fastest-growing tech niches or tech segments these days. Thanks to the addictive gaming and tons of monetization options, Millions of people are engaged in live streaming.

Not only games, but people are also using live streams to engage with their users, share ideas, reviews, and many more. Today, we will discuss some of the best live streaming software for Linux and its derivatives.

Best Live Streaming Software For Linux Based Operating Systems in 2025

OBS:

OBS is one of the most popular live streaming software available in the internet right now. Easy to use and amazing interface makes it one of the widely used streaming software these days. It is a cross-platform application and is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.   OBS is a free and open-source software for video recording and live streaming.  You can download it, install it and with few clicks you are ready to stream

Some of the amazing features of OBS:

1. You can set up an unlimited number of scenes that you can switch between seamlessly via custom transitions.
2. It is easy to configure and you can easily add new sources, duplicate existing ones, and adjust their properties effortlessly.
3. Multiple sources are available for the video as you can capture it from window, images, text, browser windows, webcams, capture cards, and more.
4. Noise gate, noise suppression, and gain feature available.

How To Install OBS In Linux?

For Ubuntu and it’s derivatives:

Pre-requirements:

1. xserver-xorg version 1.18.4 or newer is recommended
2. FFmpeg is required.
3. You need v4l2loopback-dkms installed for virtual camera support.

Run the following command to install ffmpeg on Ubuntu:

 sudo apt install ffmpeg

Now, run the following command to install v4l2loopback-dkms

sudo apt install v4l2loopback-dkms

Now, run the following commands to install OBS on Ubuntu and it’s derivatives. You can see multiple commands below where we have added the PPA of the OBS, run an update to our system and finally a command to install OBS studio on Ubuntu.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:obsproject/obs-studio
 sudo apt update
 sudo apt install obs-studio

For Arch based Linux:

Run the following command to install v4l2loopback-dkms:

sudo pacman -Sy v4l2loopback-dkms

You can simply run the following command to install OBS studio on Arch Linux.

 sudo pacman -S obs-studio

For Fedora:

• OBS Studio is included in RPM Fusion.

   sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm https://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm

• Then you can install OBS with the following command :

   sudo dnf install obs-studio

• For NVIDIA Hardware-accelerated encoding, make sure you have CUDA installed:

   sudo dnf install xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-cuda

• If you have an older card in your system, use this command instead:

   sudo dnf install xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-340xx-cuda

2. Restreamer

One of the interesting feature of Restreamer is that you can easily live stream videos and screencasts directly to your website without any streaming provider.  You can easily use it or integrate Restreamer with YouTube, Twitch, and many other popular streaming platform.

One of the thing that we don’t like about Restreamer is the installation process and we need to install the Docker to run it.

How To Install Restreamer In Linux?

For Ubuntu:

Setup a Docker:

Add Docker’s official GPG key:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl gnupg
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

Add the repository to Apt sources:

echo \
"deb [arch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)" signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
"$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME")" stable" | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt-get update

Install Docker Package:

 sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

Verify, Docker engine is running:

sudo docker run hello-world

Start the Restreamer

docker run -d --restart always \
    --name restreamer \
     -e "RS_USERNAME=admin" -e "RS_PASSWORD=datarhei" \
     -p 8080:8080 -v /mnt/restreamer/db:/restreamer/db \
     datarhei/restreamer:latest

Browse to http://your-device-ip:8080 and provide your login as the default login is:

• Username: admin
• Password: datarhei

3. VokoscreenNG

Written in Qt with the GStreamer library,  VokoscreenNG is a fork of the discontinued Vokoscreen project. It can easily record your Linux screen. It is available for Linux and Windows for free. You need to have X11, Wayland, PulseAudio, GStreamer-plugins installed in your system to use it.

How To Install VokoscreenNG in Linux?

For Ubuntu:

At first,

sudo apt-get install libxcb-xinerama0

Now,  Download vokoscreenNG-x.x.x-linux-x64-run.tar.gz
Unpack the downloaded file and start the installer.

For other Linux, kindly follow this link.

Some of the other Linux streaming software that you can try are:

• ffscreencast: It is a command-line streaming application and it uses the ffmpeg library.

Looking for some of the amazing Ubuntu themes then you are at the right place. We have the massive collection of Best Ubuntu themes that you can use in 2024.  Let us know which one is your favorite one.

Top 11+ Best Ubuntu Themes In 2025

1. Canta Theme

Flat Material Design theme for GTK 3, GTK 2 and Gnome-Shell.

Install Canta Theme On Ubuntu

Run the following command using snap to install Canta theme on Ubuntu.

sudo snap install canta-themes

2. Pop Theme

Pop theme an Adapta-inspired theme that is pretty much beautiful theme. It has adapted the Unity’s color scheme with its brown and orange color settings.

How To Install Pop Theme On Ubuntu

Run the following commands  to Install Pop theme using the PPA in Ubuntu.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:system76/pop
sudo apt update
sudo apt install pop-theme

3. Paper Theme

A modern freedesktop icon theme.

How To Install Paper Theme On Ubuntu/Linux Mint

Run the following command to install the Paper theme using  PPA in Ubuntu.

sudo add-apt-repository -u ppa:snwh/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install paper-icon-theme

sudo apt-get install paper-icon-theme
sudo apt-get install paper-cursor-theme

4. Flat Remix Gnome Theme

Shell theme that is modern and beautiful  theme and it is inspired by material design, available in Light and Dark versions

How To Install Flat Remix Gnome Theme on Ubuntu/Linux Mint

Run the following command to install the Flat Remix Gnome theme using the PPA.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:daniruiz/flat-remix
sudo apt update
sudo apt install flat-remix-gnome

How To Install Flat Remix Gnome Theme on Fedora

For Fedora users, Run the following command to install Flat Remix Gnome Theme

sudo dnf copr enable daniruiz/flat-remix
sudo dnf install flat-remix-gnome

5. Sierra Gtk Theme

Sierra is a shell theme GTK 3, GTK 2, and Gnome-Shell theme that supports GTK 3 and GTK 2-based desktop environments.

How To Install Sierra Gtk Theme On Ubuntu

Run the following commands to install the Sierra theme using the following PPA on Ubuntu and its derivatives.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:dyatlov-igor/sierra-theme
sudo apt update
sudo apt install sierra-gtk-theme       
sudo apt install sierra-gtk-theme-git   

6. Arc Theme

Arc theme is one of the popular and modern flat GTK Theme. It has transparent elements and available in 3 variants that is Arc, Arc-Darker, and Arc-Dark.

How To Install Arc Theme On Ubuntu

Run the following commands to install Arc Theme on Ubuntu.

git clone https://github.com/horst3180/arc-theme --depth 1 && cd arc-theme
./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr
sudo make install

7. Materia-Theme or Flat-Plat

Materia formerly known as a Flat-Plat is a beautiful Material Design theme with support for Ripple effect animations. It is available in  3 color variants and 2 size variants.

How To Install  Materia-Theme In Ubuntu/Linux Mint

Run the following command to install the Materia Remix Gnome theme using the following PPA in Ubuntu and Linux Mint.

sudo apt install materia-gtk-theme

For Fedora-based distributions users, Run the following command to install Materia theme.

sudo dnf copr enable tcg/themes
sudo dnf install materia-theme

If you want to install three variants Materia, Materia-dark, Materia-light via Flathub then run the following commands.

flatpak remote-add flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
flatpak install flathub org.gtk.Gtk3theme.Materia
flatpak install flathub org.gtk.Gtk3theme.Materia-dark
flatpak install flathub org.gtk.Gtk3theme.Materia-light

8. WhiteSur Gtk Theme

The WhiteSur Gtk Theme is inspired by the popular macOS Big Sur release. If you want to make your Ubuntu a macOS-like appearance then you can use this theme.

How To Install WhiteSur Gtk Them On Ubuntu

Run the following command to install the theme by cloning the Git repository and installing:

git clone https://github.com/vinceliuice/WhiteSur-gtk-theme.git --depth=1
cd WhiteSur-gtk-theme/
./install.sh
./install.sh --help 

Google Drive is probably the number 1 online file storage right now on the internet. Thanks to its integration with other services offered by Google like Gmail, Google Drive is leading the race for online file storage services right now. Google has not provided any official Google Drive Client for Linux or any other Linux distros.

In this blog post, we are writing about the various Google Drive Clients for Linux users. If you use Linux (Popular Operating System) and wants to use Google Drive right from the PC or laptop then this list of Google drive clients can be useful for you.

11+ Best Google Drive Clients For Linux In 2025

1. GoSync

GoSync is a popular open-source Google Drive client for Linux written in Python. You can sync everything from Google Drive and it also monitors the file changes in the local mirror directory. GoSync automatically uploaded the file when a new file is created in the local system. GoSync does the sync every 10 minutes. GoSync supports AES encryption for the transmission of files over the internet.

Install GoSync On Linux Distros:

GoSync is available for installation via pip so you can easily install it using the following command:

pip install GoSync

2. Insync

Insync is another feature-rich Google Drive desktop client for Linux. You can also manage OneDrive and Dropbox files along with Google Drive straight from your Desktop. Meanwhile, it’s not free but it does offer a limited-time free trial so that you can try it and buy it if you need it.

3. Rclone

Rclone is a free and open-source command-line client for Google Drive. It also syncs files with Amazon S3, OneDrive, Dropbox, Mega, Box, etc. Rclone is a cross-platform tool that works with Windows, Linux, Mac OS, FreeBSD, etc. According to the developer behind Rclone, Over 40 cloud storage products support Rclone. Rclone is open-source software inspired by rsync and written in Go.

Some of the important features of Rclone:

• You can use it to backup (and encrypt) files to cloud storage
• You can also restore (and decrypt) files from cloud storage
• Helps you to mirror cloud data to other cloud services or locally
• You can easily migrate data to the cloud, or between cloud storage vendors
• Another cool feature is that you can mount multiple, encrypted, cached, or diverse cloud storage as a disk

4. CloudCross

CloudCross is cross-platform and an open-source Google Drive Client. It is available for Linux, Windows, and Mac OS. You can easily synchronize files and documents between your local and various remote cloud storage. Along with Google Drive, it also supports Dropbox, OneDrive, Mail.Ru clouds, and Yandex Disk.

5. Drive

Drive is a command-line tool that can be used to sync files with Google Drive. Written in the Go programming language, Drive is a pretty lightweight Google Drive Linux client with sync features.

6. DriveSync

DriveSync is another command-line tool for synchronizing Google Drive files. It is a cross-platform tool as it can be used on Linux, Windows, or Mac OS. DriveSync automatically detects changes and uploads files to both local drive and Google Drive.

7. GNOME Online Accounts

Gnome Desktop has an inbuilt Google Drive Client for Linux. GNOME Online Accounts let you do the basic Google Drive work like add, sync, copy and delete files from its file manager Nautilus. This Google Drive sync feature of Google Online Accounts is easy to use.

8. Gdrive – Google Drive Linux CLI Client

Gdrive is the famous Google Drive CLI client that syncs files to Google Drive. It is a popular command line tool that is mostly used for incremental and encrypted backups of Linux files.

9. Google-drive-ocamlfuse

Google-drive-ocamlfuse is another famous Google Drive Client that let you mount Google Drive on Linux without any issues. It also supports multiple accounts. You can sync your files from your local drive to Google and vice-versa. It also lets you find duplicate files and erase them all at once.

Run the following command to install Google-drive-ocamlfuse on Ubuntu and other Debian-based distros.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alessandro-strada/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install google-drive-ocamlfuse

10. Tuxdrive – A Command-Line Linux Google Drive Client

Tuxdrive is another easy-to-use and popular command line Linux Google Drive client. Tuxdrive, a CLI-based Google Drive Client for Linux lets you have an access to Google Drive files and documents, download or upload files, and manage it. Tuxdrice also lets you download the credentials JSON file and save them in and Doc file.
<p”>Bonus:

11. ExpanDrive: It is available for Linux users, and it is easy to mount.

12. Vgrive: Initially designed for elementary OS. It has a minimalist GUI and does the basic sync works with Google Drive.

Best Server Monitoring Tools For Linux System Administrator

1. Nagios Core: Nagios Core, is an open-source system tool to monitor servers, switches, services, and applications. You can monitor basic services such as HTTP, FTP, SSH, SMTP, etc., and attributes such as CPU load, logged-in users, memory, disk usage, running processes, etc.
2. Cacti:  It is an open-source web-based network monitoring tool and system monitoring graphing solution in almost real-time. Cacti uses RRDtool.
3. GoAccess: GoAccess is an open-source real-time web log analyzer and interactive viewer that runs through your browser or in a terminal in *nix systems.
4. Zabbix: Zabbix is an enterprise-class open-source monitoring software tool. Zabbix can collect data from Network devices, Cloud services, containers, virtual machines, Databases, IoT sensors, and more.
5. Shinken: Shinkein is a python based  Nagios compatible monitoring tool.
6. SmokePing: SmokePing is a deluxe latency measurement tool that uses RRDtool to measure, store and display latency, latency distribution, and packet loss.
7. Justniffer is a network protocol analyzer that captures network traffic and produces logs.
8. CPUlimit: Developed by Angelo Marletta, It is a small tool that monitors and then limits the CPU usage of a process. . It is useful to control batch jobs when you don’t want them to eat too many CPU cycles.  cpulimit can be used to prevent a process from running for more than a specified time ratio.

Command-based tools for system administrators:

1. ps: Using ps command will help you to get a snapshot of the current processes. ps similar to the top command it provides you the more information.

sudo ps

top:  top is a processing activity monitoring command for Linux. It gives you a real-time view of a running system.

Run the following command in Linux to execute the top command:

sudo top

vmstat: The vmstat command lets you know about processes, memory, traps, paging, block IO, and CPU activity.

sudo vmstat

pmap: The pmap command in Linux displays the memory usage map of a process or multiple processes. Monitors the process memory usage on Linux. We need process id which we can get from ps or top command:

sudo pmap PID

netstat: netstat is a Linux network and statistics monitoring tool. It is a built-in tool that is used to list out the TCP network connections, routing tables and a number of network interfaces in the system.

sudo netstat

iptraf: iptraf command can be used to gather the real-time network statistics on the Linux system. You can easily figure out the TCP connection packet and byte count, TCP/UDP traffic breakdowns, interface statistics and activity indicators, and station packet and byte count with this command.

sudo iptraf

iostat: This command is used for monitoring system input and system output. It helps to monitor Linux’s average CPU load and disk activity.

sudo iostat

sar: SAR or System Activity Report is a Unix System V-derived system monitor command which is used to check CPU activity, memory/paging, network, interrupts, device load and swap space utilization.

mpstat: It is used to Monitor multiprocessor usage on Linux.

sudo mpstat

tcpdump: tcpdump is a common packet analyzer. tcpdump allows the user to display TCP/IP and other packets that are being transmitted or received over a network.

iotop: iotop is a Linux I/O monitoring tool. iotop tool is based on Python.

sudo iotop

htop: htop is similar to the top command. It is used to view the interactive process. It is a third-party application.

sudo htop

atop: atop is an interactive monitor tool to view the load on your Linux system, i.e. CPU, memory, disk, and network.

iftop: iftop is a real-time network monitoring tool. It can be used to monitor network bandwidth.

sudo iftop

nmon: nmon is short for Nigel’s performance Monitor for Linux on POWER. It displays and records local system information.

glances: glances is an open-source cross-platform monitoring tool for Linux based operating systems. It is written in python. glances can be used to monitor CPU, Network Interfaces, Load Average, Memory, Disk I/O, Processes and many more.

Nload : Nload is a command-line tool that is mainly used to monitors the network throughput.  The output of this tool can be seen in using two graphs, one for incoming and one for the outgoing network.

yum install nload

or

sudo apt-get install nload

Collectd: collectd is a daemon which collects system and application performance metrics periodically. This tool gathers metrics from various sources which can be used to monitor systems and find the possible bottlenecks.

Think of environment variables in Linux like little notes or settings that the system and programs use to know how to behave. They’re like behind-the-scenes instructions.  For example: Wanna know where your home folder is? There’s a variable for that. Want to tell the system where to look for programs when you type commands? Yep, there’s a variable for that too. They’re kind of like settings in a video game — stuff you don’t always see, but it controls how things work.
Let’s say you type a command like python in your terminal. How does Linux know where to find Python?

It looks at the PATH environment variable — a list of folders where your system checks for programs to run. If Python isn’t in one of those folders, it’ll just say “command not found.”\
Open your terminal and type:

echo $HOME

That’ll show your home directory — that’s an environment variable called HOME. Try:

echo $USER

That’ll show your username. These variables start with a $ when you want to use them.
You can also create your own. Like this:

export MYNAME=”Musk”
echo $MYNAME

Now you’ve created your own environment variable! But it’ll only last while your terminal is open. Close it, and it’s gone. Want it to stick around every time you open a terminal? You can add that line to your ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc file.

How to Print Environment Variables in Linux

Before jumping into the main section, let’s have a look into the common environment variables in Linux.

Common environment variables in Linux

There are various ways through which you can print environment variables in Linux. Let’s break it down in a simple way! If you want to see the environment variables in Linux, there are a few different ways you can do it.

1. Using printenv Command

The printenv command is probably the easiest way to see environment variables. The printenv utility is used to print environment variables for the current shell.

To see all variables:

printenv

To see a specific variable:

printenv HOME

It will just print the value of that environment variable. So, if you run printenv HOME, it’ll show your home directory.

2. Using echo Command

You can use echo to print the value of any specific environment variable. You need to use the $ symbol before the variable name

Example:

echo $HOME

This will print your home directory. If you want to see other variables, like the current user:

echo $USER

3. Using env Command

The env command lists all the environment variables currently set in your session, similar to printenv.

To see all variables:

env

It’s just another way to check the environment variables that are available to your session in your Linux.

4. Using set Command

If you’re in a shell (like bash or zsh), the set command shows all the variables and functions that are available to the shell. This includes environment variables, but also local variables.

To see all variables (including environment and shell-specific ones):

set

This command gives you a lot of information, not just environment variables. It’s a bit more comprehensive but can get messy if you just want the environment variables.

5. Using declare Command

The declare command is used to declare and print the value of variables in the shell.

You can use declare without any argument and will bring the list of available variables.

declare

The most recent stable kernel is Linux 6.15, which Ubuntu users can install on their computers by using the official Ubuntu Mainline Kernel PPA archive. Here’s a brief guide on using the GUI and CLI to accomplish it. With new features like Rust support for hrtimer and ARMv7, a new setcpuid= boot parameter for x86 CPUs, support for sched_ext to count and report internal events, improvements to the x86 Intel and AMD PMU, nested virtualization support for VGICv3 on ARM, and more, Linux kernel 6.15 was released on May 25th, 2025.

How to Install Linux Kernel 6.15 on Ubuntu 25.04 and Ubuntu 24.10

The preferred and the most easiest way to install Linux kernel 6.15 on your Ubuntu is by using a graphical tool called Mainline Kernels. You can easily install it from this PPA by running the following commands in the Terminal.

Method 1: Install Mainline Kernels Tool In Ubuntu

Run the following commands.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cappelikan/ppa
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade
sudo apt install -y mainline

Once the Mainline Kernels tool is installed, you can check the availability of all kernel versions from Canonical’s Mainline Kernel PPA. The tool will quickly  archive and will list Linux kernel 6.15 at the top of the list. Click on the “6.15” entry to select it and then click on the big “Install” button. Wait for the installation to complete and then reboot your computer.

Method 2: Install Linux kernel 6.15 on Ubuntu via CLI

This one is for the pro users or those users who love to do things on Ubuntu via Command line.  In this process, you need to manually download  and install the Linux 6.15 kernel packages from the official Ubuntu mainline kernel PPA archive  for your specific architecture (64-bit (amd64), AArch64 (ARM64), ARMhf, PowerPC 64-bit Little Endian (ppc64el), or IBM System z (s390x))

linux-headers-6.15.0-061500-generic_6.15.0-061500.202505260036_amd64.deb
linux-headers-6.15.0-061500_6.15.0-061500.202505260036_all.deb
linux-image-unsigned-6.15.0-061500-generic_6.15.0-061500.202505260036_amd64.deb
linux-modules-6.15.0-061500-generic_6.15.0-061500.202505260036_amd64.deb

Once you have downloaded all the kernel packages in the respective folder, you need to install them all at once by running the sudo dpkg -i *.deb command.

How to revert baack Ubuntu’s default kernel

This steps is important if you experience any issues running Linux kernel 6.15 and you want to go back to Ubuntu’s default kernel. You need to press the Esc key when your computer boots to view the boot menu, then access the “Advanced options” boot entry and select a different kernel version from the list of available kernels. You won’t have any issues onward as it revert back to the default kernel or any other working kernel that you have selected.